Iran purchased plans for building a nuclear reactor from A.Q. Khan. Does Iran own plans for building a nuclear reactor ? Google Yes Successful purchase entails the buyer having ownership of the goods. No Egypt has provided no evidence demonstrating the elimination of its biological warfare ability, which has existed since at least 1972. Does Egypt have stockpiles of biological weapons? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/ Don't know Yes Unless eliminated, the biological warfare capability, including stockpiles, could persist. No Unless actively maintained, biological warfare capability, including pathogens and stockpiles will decay. Egypt has suspended production of BW. Is Egypt producing BW? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/ No Yes Egypt has suspended production of BW. Has Egypt produced BW? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/ Yes No Egypt suspended production of BW in 1985. Does Egypt have stockpiles of BW? Don't know cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/ Suspension and later cessation of production leaves the existing stockpiles in place. Yes Suspension of production could have been followed by a restart or resumption of production and stockpiling. Yes Even if Iran possesses these biological agents, it faces a significant challenge in their weaponization and delivery. Does Iran have the means to use biological weapons? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/Biological/2299.htm Don't know No Weaponizing and having means to deliver biological agents are preconditions to using them. Yes Weaponizing and having means to deliver biological agents are preconditions to using them. There are indications that Iran has been trying to acquire BW delivery systems. Does Iran have BW stockpiles? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/Biological/2299.htm Yes It is possible that Iran has stockpiles since they are trying to acquire delivery systems. No It is possible that Iran is concurrently looking for stockpiles while they are trying to acquire delivery systems. The US government discloses intelligence information that Russian entities are involved in transferring WMD technology to Iran. Does Iran have WMD capability? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/Nuclear/1825_1875.htm No Transfer of technology results in the technological sophistication required to produce WMD. Iran took one step further in its attempts to acquire CW stockpiles. cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/ Does Iran have WMD? No Attempting to acquire stockpiles does not imply existence of stockpiles Yes Iran could have other WMD. The U.S. economy may be on the verge of falling back into recession after more than a year of half-hearted recovery that failed to generate either jobs or hope, according to economists. Is the US economy in recession? NYT August 24, 1993. No On the verge implies likelihood of future recession Yes On the verge of falling implies not yet in recession. The U.S. economy may be on the verge of falling back into recession after more than a year of half-hearted recovery that failed to generate either jobs or hope, according to economists. Is the US economy likely to be in recession? NYT August 24, 1993 Yes On the verge implies likelihood of future recession The U.S. economy may be on the verge of falling back into recession after more than a year of half-hearted recovery that failed to generate either jobs or hope, according to economists. Was the US economy in recession a year ago? NYT August 24, 1993 No The recovery has lasted more than a year After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course, leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an economy that has finally started to gain momentum. Is the Economy growing? San Francisco Chronicle, March 1995 Yes The economy has started to gain momentum (sustained growth). Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course, leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an economy that has finally started to gain momentum. Has the Fed raised interest rates? San Francisco Chronicle, March 1995 Yes The Fed has reversed course from easy credit (low interest rates) After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course, leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an economy that has finally started to gain momentum. Did the Fed have lower interest rates three years ago? San Francisco Chronicle, March 1995 Yes Three years ago was still easy credit and now it is higher interest rates. After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course, leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an economy that has finally started to gain momentum. Has the economy been growing rapidly? No The economy has just finally started to gain momentum After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course, leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an economy that has finally started to gain momentum. Are inflation levels rising? Yes Fighting inflation starts when inflation is higher than acceptable AUSTRIA, Once expected to waltz smoothly into the European Union, is elbowing its partners, treading on toes and pogo-dancing in a most un-Viennese manner. Did Austria encounter any difficulty in becoming a member of the EU? Reuters, March 1993. Yes The entry has been rough. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. While Pakistan does not possess biological weapons (BW), it has talented biomedical and biochemical scientists and well-equipped laboratories. Does Pakistan possess biological weapons? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Pakistan/overview/index.htm No The premise of the while clause is assumed in the passage. No The premise of the while clause is assumed in the passage. While Pakistan does not possess biological weapons (BW), it has talented biomedical and biochemical scientists and well-equipped laboratories. Does Pakistan possess the technology to produce biological weapons? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Pakistan/overview/index.htm Yes Scientific expertise and facilities are necessary but not sufficient preconditions (need facilities) for production. It is plausible While Pakistan does not possess biological weapons (BW), it has talented biomedical and biochemical scientists and well-equipped laboratories. Is Pakistan continuing to stockpile biological weapons? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/e1_pakistan_1.html No Possession is a precondition for stockpiling. Yes Possession is a precondition for stockpiling. North Korea reportedly has cultures of the smallpox pathogen (variola major). North Korean soldiers have been recently vaccinated against smallpox. Does North Korea possess the smallpox pathogen? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/NK/Biological/index.htm Yes Report Having cultures of the pathogen implies having the pathogen There exists no evidence that Egypt has acquired biological weapons. Is Egypt still stockpiling biological weapons? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/ No Acquisition of weapons is a precondition to stockpiling weapons. Iran purchased plans for building a nuclear reactor from A.Q. Khan. Does Iran intend to build a nuclear reactor ? Google Yes Having the plans is a subgoal of building a nuclear reactor. Iran purchased plans for building a nuclear reactor from A.Q. Khan. Does Iran intend to become a Nuclear State? Google Yes Having plans is a precondition to building a nuclear reactor, in turn one possible subgoal of becoming a nuclear state. Iran recently bought weapons-grade fissile material. Does Iran intend to produce nuclear weapons? cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/e1_pakistan_1.html Yes Weapons grade fissile materials are a resource for the goal of nuclear weapon production The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it doesn't slide into recession again. Is the economy booming? The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle No The Economy is stalling (needs a jumpstart) and the stimulus package will jumpstart it (future). Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it doesn't slide into recession again. Is the economy in recession? The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle No The Economy is stalling (no growth). Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. Yes The Economy is stalling (no growth) and not in recession. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it doesn't slide into recession again. Will the stimulus package cause rapid economic growth? The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle No The stimulus package will only preclude future recession. The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it doesn't slide into recession again. Is the economy weak? The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle Yes The economy needs stimulation. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. No The economy needs stimulation. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it doesn't slide into recession again. Was the economy in recession? The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle Yes No The economy is moving ahead at the pace of a Clinton jog. Is the economy in recession? The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1997, Wednesday, BC cycle It is moving ahead at a low rate of progress. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor. No Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be painful and slow. Google news Is Israel and Palestinian authority negotiating? Yes No Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be painful and slow. Google news Have there been previous negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority? Yes No Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be painful and slow. Google news Have negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority been uninterrupted? No Yes Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be painful and slow. Google news Are there any continuing impediments to progress in the negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority? Yes No Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be painful and slow. Google news Is there a clear path for future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority? No Yes