[
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What are the main enzyme systems for catalysing ethanol to acetaldehyde?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Catalase"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2EI), catalase"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2EI)"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id81"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Adaptive thermogenesis refers to:\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A decrease in heat loss when exposed to cold"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A decrease in non-shivering thermogenesis when exposed to cold"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "An increase in basal metabolic rate that is not fully explained by a change in body composition during chronic overfeeding"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A decrease in spontaneous physical activity during chronic overfeeding."
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id275"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "After consumption of a mixed meal, a complex cascade of events takes place that integrates fat metabolism at the whole body level. Which of the following is correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Consumption of a meal leads to suppression of lipase activity within adipose tissue leading to a decrease in plasma NEFA concentrations"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase is activated by insulin and therefore is most active following meal consumption"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "During the postprandial period the VLDL synthesis pathway is suppressed in favour of hydrolysis of chylomicrons"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "All options given are correct"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id229"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following statements about exposures is true?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "'Exposure' refers to contact with some factor that may be harmful or beneficial to health."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "An exposed individual has a greater risk of disease."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Dietary intake is not an 'exposure' because individuals make a choice about what they eat."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "High body mass index is a risk factor for a range of health conditions, therefore, it cannot be treated as a single exposure."
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id164"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following are the recommended blood pressure and lipid goals for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with diabetes?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "BP < 140/90, Trig <150, LDL < 100"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "BP < 130/85, Trig < 300, LDL < 100"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "BP < 135/80, Trig < 200, LDL < 130"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "BP < 130/80, Trig <150, LDL < 100"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id246"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What endogenous substrate source provides the most energy during moderate to high intensity exercise?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Liver glycogen"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Muscle glycogen"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Intramuscular lipid"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Adipose tissue lipid"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id334"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following is a function of vitamin B12?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Synthesis of TMP (thymidine monophosphate)"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Decarboxylation of amino acids to form amine neurotransmitters"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Synthesis of methionine from homocysteine"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "valid",
    "id": "id20"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following diseases does obesity increase the risk of developing?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Type 2 diabetes"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Cancer"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Cardiovascular disease"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "All of the options given are correct"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id259"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "A 20 year old student who has recently arrived in Britain from Sudan visits the university health centre to complain of abdominal cramps and diarrhoea after drinking milk. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his problem?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Bacterial and yeast overgrowth in the small intestine"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Lack of pancreatic amylase"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Lack of small intestinal lactase"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Lack of small intestinal sucrase-isomaltase"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id69"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of these factors reduces the risk for cancer of the colorectum?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Vitamin C"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Dietary fibre"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Alcohol"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Oestrogen"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id286"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following is a function of biotin?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Decarboxylation of amino acids to form amine neurotransmitters"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Synthesis of methionine from homocysteine"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Synthesis of methylene tetrahydrofolate"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id94"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "In human DNA, which nucleotide base is methylated at the 5' position?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Adenosine"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Thymine"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Cytosine"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Guanine"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id180"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What proportion of vegans is likely to be deficient in vitamin B12?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "3%"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "32%"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "66%"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "15%"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id73"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What the largest endogenous substrate source in the body?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Liver glycogen"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Muscle glycogen"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Intramuscular lipid"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Adipose tissue"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id64"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What is the estimated global prevalence of untreated dental caries?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "20%"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "40%"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "60%"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "80%"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id175"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "In terms of price per calorie, which of the following foods is the cheapest and most nutritious?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Apple"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Slice of bread"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Cheese burger"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Broccoli"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id237"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "It is true about Bulimia Nervosa that:\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Patients usually have a BMI<17.5 kg/m2"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "It has an equal gender distribution"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Some patients have purging without binge eating episodes"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Self-induced vomiting is the most frequent compensatory behaviour"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "valid",
    "id": "id31"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Inviduals suffering from inhalant allergies may also react to cross- reacting food allergens. A person suffering from a natural latex allergy might not react to one of the following allergens\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "avocado"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "mango"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "peach"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "figs"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id204"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following statements about amino acid scoring for predicting protein quality in human nutrition is correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The amino acid score is calculated by comparing the amino acid pattern of the protein to that of egg protein."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The amino acid score is calculated by comparing the amino acid pattern of the protein to that of milk protein."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A single reference pattern is used to calculate the amino acid score for all ages"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Different amino acid scoring patterns are used for different age groups."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id68"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which vitamin is a major lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Vitamin A"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Vitamin D"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Vitamin E"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Vitamin K"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id42"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "A blood sample is taken from a 45 year old man after he has broken his overnight fast by eating three slices of toast and a boiled egg. Which one of the following will be at a higher concentration than if the blood sample had been taken before breakfast?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Alanine"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Glucose"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Ketone bodies"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Non-esterified (free) fatty acids"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id137"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "The pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes includes all the following mechanisms except for:\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Increased glucose production by the liver"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Impaired insulin secretion"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Decreased glucose uptake from the skeletal muscle"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "All of the options given are correct"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id203"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What is the best method to estimate changes in body fat during weight loss?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "BMI"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "DXA"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Four-compartment model"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "MRI"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id184"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What are focus areas of nutritional epidemiology?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The role of nutritional factors in causing disease in a population."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "How changes in food intake in the population can promote good health."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Both of the options given are correct."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "None of the options given is correct."
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id60"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "On an average daily basis, the gross energy intake of a healthy woman is 9279 kJ, the energy content of her faeces and urine are 647 kJ and 318 kJ, respectively. Her average daily digestible energy intake and metabolisable energy intake would be, respectively,:\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "647 kJ and 318 kJ"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "9279-318 kJ and 9279-647 kJ"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "9279+318 kJ and 9279+647 kJ"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "9279-647 kJ and 9279-(647+318) kJ"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id220"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "The pancreas secretes a large amount of digestive enzymes after a meal. Which statement about this process is correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Pepsinogen is the chief enzyme which digests protein and requires removal of a peptide sequence from the active cleft before it can work"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Pancreatic \u00e1-amylase will hydrolyse starch to free glucose"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Enteropeptidase converts trypsinogen to trypsin by cleavage of a peptide sequence that blocks the active site of trypsin."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Pancreatic secretion of hydrochloric acid is required to provide the correct pH for maximal pancreatic enzyme in the duodenum"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id284"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What stable isotope is commonly given for the measurement of total body water?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Deuterium"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Carbon 13"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Nitrogen 15"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Oxygen 18"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id59"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "De novo fatty acid synthesis usually signifies which of the following?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "An excess of fat intake"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A depletion of energy yielding substrates"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Only occurs with prolonged fasting"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "An excess of energy yielding substrates"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id325"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "It is correct to state that for the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa:\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Fluoxetine is considered of benefit"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The first approach is to discuss body image"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "It is not useful to discuss weight with patients"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Treatments should target exclusively on purging practices"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id121"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following statements is correct regarding intracellular fat metabolism?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The mechanism by which non-esterified fatty acids are taken up by cells is by diffusion only."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The mechanism by which non-esterified fatty acids are taken up by cells is by a combination of diffusion and carrier-mediated transport involving fatty acid binding, translocase and transport proteins."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The mechanism by which non-esterified fatty acids are taken up by cells is by a combination of diffusion and carrier-mediated transport involving fatty acid esterification, synthesis and transport proteins."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The mechanism by which non-esterified fatty acids are taken up by cells is by carrier-mediated transport only involving fatty acid binding, translocase and transport proteins."
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id181"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following nutritional interventions has been shown to improve child development?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Protein-energy supplementation during pregnancy"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Protein-energy supplementation during the first two years"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Both of the interventions"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "None of the interventions"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id307"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following statements about glucose metabolism is correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "All of the reactions of glycolysis are freely reversible for gluconeogenesis."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Fructose cannot be used for gluconeogenesis in the liver."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Red blood cells can catalyse aerobic glycolysis because they contain oxygen bound to haemoglobin."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Red blood cells can only metabolise glucose by anaerobic glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id239"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Diagnosis of iron deficiency can be complicated by concurrent infection since many markers of iron status are altered by infection. Which of the following combinations of iron status markers is likely to be found in a person with both iron deficiency and a severe infection?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Low haemoglobin, high ferritin, high serum transferrin receptors, high hepcidin"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Low haemoglobin, low ferritin, high serum transferrin receptors, low hepcidin"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Low haemoglobin, low ferritin, normal serum transferrin receptors, high hepcidin"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Low haemoglobin, low ferritin, low serum transferrin receptors, high hepcidin"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id312"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Bariatric surgery is used for obesity treatment but how much is the incidence of type 2 diabetes reduced in obese individuals after surgery?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "80-90%"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "No reduction in the incidence"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Approximately 50 %"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "None of the options given is correct"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id106"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following will increase in vitamin D deficiency?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The plasma concentration of prothrombin"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The plasma concentration of preprothrombin"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The plasma activity of alkaline phosphatase"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The plasma activity of acid phosphatase"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id169"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which statement about absorption from the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is most correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The absorption of glucose is associated with sodium uptake."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Fructose is absorbed more rapidly than glucose."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Galactose and fructose are absorbed by the same transporter at the brush border membrane."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Most water absorption along the GI tract occurs in the colon."
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id145"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following statements is correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The amount of oxygen available in the headspace of canned food is kept at a high level so as to limit losses of vitamin C"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Reheating canned vegetables before serving only causes small losses of vitamin C"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Losses of vitamin C are much higher for most canned fruits than those for canned vegetables"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Losses of vitamin C in canned foods during storage at ambient temperature tend to be small"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id291"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following contributes to reduced energy expenditure in older adults?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A reduction in lean body mass"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A reduction in physical activity"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A reduction in basal metabolic rate"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "All of the above"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id301"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which statement about dietary fibre is most correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The end products of it fermentation is mainly malic, succinic and propionic acids"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Fermentation studies in vitro, with human faeces, have shown that soluble and insoluble forms are fermented completely within 24 hours"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Fibre sources, such as hemicelluloses, pectins and inulin are rapidly fermented to short chain fatty acids, which have trophic effects on the colon"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Stool bulking occurs mainly through the action of insoluble fibres such as cellulose"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id173"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which statement about the oral phase of digestion is INCORRECT?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "About 2% of the energy content of food is expended during the action of chewing and swallowing it."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Swallowing involves contraction and relaxation of at least 14 groups of muscles in about 10 seconds in healthy subjects"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The biofilm covering tooth enamel contains several salivary and bacterial enzymes"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Salivary amylase digests the dextran film on tooth enamel formed from dietary sucrose"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id343"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Select the single most accurate statement about the absorptive area of the human intestine?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The absorptive area is equivalent to that of a tennis court"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "All of the options given are correct"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Changes in motility increase the contact time between nutrients and absorptive surface"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The presence of folds, villi and microvilli on the surface of enterocytes magnifies the absorptive area"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id97"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Acute binge drinking is associated with?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Happy heart syndrome"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Home heart syndrome"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Beach heart syndrome"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Holiday heart syndrome"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id57"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following statements concerning transamination is correct?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Only non-essential (dispensable) amino acids undergo transamination."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Transamination is an irreversible reaction in amino acid catabolism."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Transaminases require a coenzyme derived from vitamin B12."
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Transaminases require a coenzyme derived from vitamin B6."
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id65"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following diet-derived compounds have epigenetic effects?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Butyrate"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Curcumin"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Genistein"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "All of the options given are correct"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id61"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding fatty acid \u00df-oxidation?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The major site of fatty acid \u00df-oxidation is the peroxisomes, the mitochondria also contain enzymes for this pathway"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Within the liver peroxisomes serve to oxidise very long chain fatty acids to medium chain products"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "The rate of b-oxidation is regulated by the availability of fatty acids and the rate of utilisation of b-oxidation products"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Peroxisomes are the site for the degradation of xenobiotics and eicosanoids"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id83"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Ulcerative Colitis\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Carries a risk of colonic cancer"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Can be treated with a LOFFLEX diet"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Can be caused by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Can be caused by milk intolerance"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id111"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "On a global scale, trends are suggesting that with rising incomes and urbanization we are seeing a rise in which food commodities?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Roots and Tubers"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Fruits and vegetables"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Beans and lentils"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Meat and Dairy products"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id140"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Which of the following vitamins is involved in one-carbon metabolism?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Folate"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Riboflavin"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Thiamin"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Vitamin C"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id199"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "What is the prevalence of alcoholic myopathy in alcoholics\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "30 to 50%"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "40 to 60%"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "20 to 40%"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "10 to 30%"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "test",
    "id": "id253"
  },
  {
    "input": {
      "text": "Malnutrition in older adults is associated with which of the following?\n"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "An increased mortality and morbidity"
        },
        "tags": [
          "correct"
        ]
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "Reduced length of hospital"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "An improvement in physical function"
        },
        "tags": []
      },
      {
        "output": {
          "text": "A reduced susceptibility to infection"
        },
        "tags": []
      }
    ],
    "split": "valid",
    "id": "id26"
  }
]