Iran purchased plans for building a nuclear reactor from A.Q. Khan.
Does Iran own plans for building a nuclear reactor ?
Google
Yes
Successful purchase entails the buyer having ownership of the goods.
No
Egypt has provided no evidence demonstrating the
elimination of its biological warfare ability, which has existed since
at least 1972.
Does Egypt have stockpiles of biological weapons?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/
Don't know
Yes
Unless eliminated, the biological warfare capability, including stockpiles, could persist.
No
Unless actively maintained, biological warfare capability, including pathogens and stockpiles will decay.
Egypt has suspended production of BW.
Is Egypt producing BW?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/
No
Yes
Egypt has suspended production of BW.
Has Egypt produced BW?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/
Yes
No
Egypt suspended production of BW in 1985.
Does Egypt have stockpiles of BW?
Don't know
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/
Suspension and later cessation of production leaves the existing stockpiles in place.
Yes
Suspension of production could have been followed by a restart or resumption of production and stockpiling.
Yes
Even if Iran possesses these biological agents, it faces a
significant challenge in their weaponization and delivery.
Does Iran have the means to use biological weapons?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/Biological/2299.htm
Don't know
No
Weaponizing and having means to deliver biological agents are preconditions to using them.
Yes
Weaponizing and having means to deliver biological agents are preconditions to using them.
There are indications that Iran has been trying to acquire
BW delivery systems.
Does Iran have BW stockpiles?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/Biological/2299.htm
Yes
It is possible that Iran has stockpiles since they are trying to acquire delivery systems.
No
It is possible that Iran is concurrently looking for stockpiles while they are
trying to acquire delivery systems.
The US government discloses intelligence information
that Russian entities are involved in transferring WMD technology to
Iran.
Does Iran have WMD capability?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/Nuclear/1825_1875.htm
No
Transfer of technology results in the technological sophistication required to produce WMD.
Iran took one step further in its attempts to acquire CW
stockpiles.
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Iran/
Does Iran have WMD?
No
Attempting to acquire stockpiles does not imply existence of stockpiles
Yes
Iran could have other WMD.
The U.S. economy may be on the verge of falling back into recession after more than a year of
half-hearted recovery that failed to generate either jobs or hope,
according to economists.
Is the US economy in recession?
NYT August 24, 1993.
No
On the verge implies likelihood of future recession
Yes
On the verge of falling implies not yet in recession.
The U.S. economy may be on the verge of falling back into
recession after more than a year of half-hearted recovery that failed
to generate either jobs or hope, according to economists.
Is the US economy likely to be in recession?
NYT August 24, 1993
Yes
On the verge implies likelihood of future recession
The U.S. economy may be on the verge of falling back into
recession after more than a year of half-hearted recovery that failed
to generate either jobs or hope, according to economists.
Was the US economy in recession a year ago?
NYT August 24, 1993
No
The recovery has lasted more than a year
After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course,
leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an
economy that has finally started to gain momentum.
Is the Economy growing?
San Francisco Chronicle, March 1995
Yes
The economy has started to gain momentum (sustained growth). Uses the
Event Structure Metaphor.
After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course,
leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an
economy that has finally started to gain momentum.
Has the Fed raised interest rates?
San Francisco Chronicle, March 1995
Yes
The Fed has reversed course from easy credit (low interest rates)
After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course,
leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an
economy that has finally started to gain momentum.
Did the Fed have lower interest rates three years ago?
San Francisco Chronicle, March 1995
Yes
Three years ago was still easy credit and now it is higher interest rates.
After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course,
leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an
economy that has finally started to gain momentum.
Has the economy been growing rapidly?
No
The economy has just finally started to gain momentum
After five years of easy credit, the Fed has reversed course,
leaving no doubt about its commitment to fighting inflation in an
economy that has finally started to gain momentum.
Are inflation levels rising?
Yes
Fighting inflation starts when inflation is higher than acceptable
AUSTRIA, Once expected to waltz smoothly into the European
Union, is elbowing its partners, treading on toes and pogo-dancing in a most un-Viennese manner.
Did Austria encounter any difficulty in becoming a member of the EU?
Reuters, March 1993.
Yes
The entry has been rough. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor.
While Pakistan does not possess biological weapons (BW),
it has talented biomedical and biochemical scientists and well-equipped laboratories.
Does Pakistan possess biological weapons?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Pakistan/overview/index.htm
No
The premise of the while clause is assumed in the passage.
No
The premise of the while clause is assumed in the passage.
While Pakistan does not possess biological weapons
(BW), it has talented biomedical and biochemical scientists and
well-equipped laboratories.
Does Pakistan possess the technology to produce biological weapons?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Pakistan/overview/index.htm
Yes
Scientific expertise and facilities are necessary but not sufficient preconditions (need facilities) for production. It
is plausible
While Pakistan does not possess biological weapons
(BW), it has talented biomedical and biochemical scientists and
well-equipped laboratories.
Is Pakistan continuing to stockpile biological weapons?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/e1_pakistan_1.html
No
Possession is a precondition for stockpiling.
Yes
Possession is a precondition for stockpiling.
North Korea reportedly has cultures of the smallpox pathogen (variola
major). North Korean soldiers have been recently vaccinated against smallpox.
Does North Korea possess the smallpox pathogen?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/NK/Biological/index.htm
Yes
Report
Having cultures of the pathogen implies having the pathogen
There exists no evidence that Egypt has
acquired biological weapons.
Is Egypt still stockpiling biological weapons?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/Egypt/
No
Acquisition of weapons is a precondition to stockpiling weapons.
Iran purchased plans for building a nuclear reactor from A.Q. Khan.
Does Iran intend to build a nuclear reactor ?
Google
Yes
Having the plans is a subgoal of building a nuclear reactor.
Iran purchased plans for building a nuclear reactor from A.Q. Khan.
Does Iran intend to become a Nuclear State?
Google
Yes
Having plans is a precondition to building a nuclear reactor, in turn
one possible subgoal of becoming a nuclear state.
Iran recently bought weapons-grade fissile material.
Does Iran intend to produce nuclear weapons?
cns2004/data/Country%20Profiles/e1_pakistan_1.html
Yes
Weapons grade fissile materials are a resource for the goal of nuclear weapon production
The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it
doesn't slide into recession again.
Is the economy booming?
The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle
No
The Economy is stalling (needs a jumpstart) and the stimulus package will jumpstart it (future). Uses the Event Structure Metaphor.
The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it
doesn't slide into recession again.
Is the economy in recession?
The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle
No
The Economy is stalling (no growth). Uses the Event Structure Metaphor.
Yes
The Economy is stalling (no growth) and not in recession. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor.
The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it
doesn't slide into recession again.
Will the stimulus package cause rapid economic growth?
The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle
No
The stimulus package will only preclude future recession.
The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it
doesn't slide into recession again.
Is the economy weak?
The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle
Yes
The economy needs stimulation. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor.
No
The economy needs stimulation. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor.
The stimulus package will jumpstart the economy and make sure it
doesn't slide into recession again.
Was the economy in recession?
The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1993, Wednesday, BC cycle
Yes
No
The economy is moving ahead at the pace of a Clinton jog.
Is the economy in recession?
The Reuter Transcript Report, March 24, 1997, Wednesday, BC cycle
It is moving ahead at a low rate of progress. Uses the Event Structure Metaphor.
No
Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority
have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be
painful and slow.
Google news
Is Israel and Palestinian authority negotiating?
Yes
No
Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority
have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be
painful and slow.
Google news
Have there been previous negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority?
Yes
No
Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority
have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be
painful and slow.
Google news
Have negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority been uninterrupted?
No
Yes
Negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority
have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain and progress is likely to be
painful and slow.
Google news
Are there any continuing impediments to progress in the negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian authority?
Yes
No
Negotiations between Israel and
the Palestinian authority have finally resumed. Many roadblocks remain
and progress is likely to be painful and slow. Google news Is there a clear
path for future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian
authority?
No
Yes