UniversalEnglishGrammaticalRelations (Stanford JavaNLP API)

java.lang.Object
- edu.stanford.nlp.trees.UniversalEnglishGrammaticalRelations

```
public class UniversalEnglishGrammaticalRelations
extends java.lang.Object
```
UniversalEnglishGrammaticalRelations is a set of GrammaticalRelation objects according to the Universal Dependencies standard.
Grammatical relations can either be shown in their basic form, where each input token receives a relation, or "collapsed" which does certain normalizations which group words or turns them into relations. See UniversalEnglishGrammaticalStructure. What is presented here mainly shows the basic form, though there is some mixture. The "collapsed" grammatical relations primarily differ as follows:
- Some multiword conjunctions and prepositions are treated as single words, and then processed as below.
- Prepositions are appended to nmod/acl/advcl grammatical relations..
- Coordination markers are appended to "conj" grammatical relations.
- Agents of passive sentences are recognized and marked as nmod:agent and not as nmod:by.
This set of English grammatical relations is not intended to be exhaustive or immutable. It's just where we're at now.

See GrammaticalRelation for details of fields and matching.

If using LexicalizedParser, it should be run with the -retainTmpSubcategories option and one of the -splitTMP options (e.g., -splitTMP 1) in order to get the temporal NP dependencies maximally right!
Implementation notes: Don't change the set of GRs without discussing it with people first. If a change is needed, to add a new grammatical relation:
- Governor nodes of the grammatical relations should be the lowest ones.
- Check the semantic head rules in UniversalSemanticHeadFinder and ModCollinsHeadFinder, both in the trees package. That's what will be used to match here.
- Create and define the GrammaticalRelation similarly to the others.
- Add it to the values array at the end of the file.
The patterns in this code assume that an NP may be followed by either a -ADV or -TMP functional tag but there are no other functional tags represented. This corresponds to what we currently get from NPTmpRetainingTreeNormalizer or DependencyTreeTransformer.
Author:

Bill MacCartney, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher Manning, Galen Andrew (refactoring English-specific stuff), Sebastian Schuster

See Also:

GrammaticalStructure, GrammaticalRelation, EnglishGrammaticalStructure, English grammatical relations documentation

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER` The "adjectival modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER` The "adverbial clause modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER` The "adverbial modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`AGENT` The "agent" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER` The "appositional modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`ARGUMENT` The "argument" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`AUX_MODIFIER` An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause, e.g., a modal auxiliary, or a form of be, do or have in a periphrastic tense.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER` The "passive auxiliary" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CASE_MARKER` The "prepositional modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT` The "clausal complement" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CLAUSAL_MODIFIER` The "clausal modifier of noun" relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT` The "clausal passive subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CLAUSAL_SUBJECT` The "clausal subject" grammatical relation.
`static java.util.Set<GrammaticalRelation>`	`clauseRelations`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`COMPLEMENT` The "complement" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`COMPOUND_MODIFIER` The "compound modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CONJUNCT` The "conjunct" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT` The "controlling clausal passive subject" relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_SUBJECT` The "controlling clausal subject" relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT` The "controlling nominal passive subject" relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_SUBJECT` The "controlling nominal subject" relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`COORDINATION` The "coordination" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`COPULA` The "copula" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`DETERMINER` The "determiner" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`DIRECT_OBJECT` The "direct object" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`DISCOURSE_ELEMENT` The "discourse element" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`EXPLETIVE` The "expletive" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`GOES_WITH` The "goes with" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`INDIRECT_OBJECT` The "indirect object" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`LIST` The "list" relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`MARKER` The "marker" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`MODIFIER` The "modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION` The "multi-word expression" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`NAME_MODIFIER` The "name" relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`NEGATION_MODIFIER` The "negation modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`NOMINAL_MODIFIER` The "nominal modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT` The "nominal passive subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`NOMINAL_SUBJECT` The "nominal subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER` The "noun phrase as adverbial modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`NUMERIC_MODIFIER` The "numeric modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`OBLIQUE_MODIFIER`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`ORPHAN`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`PARATAXIS` The "parataxis" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE` The "phrasal verb particle" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`POSSESSION_MODIFIER` The "possession" grammatical relation between the possessum and the possessor.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`PRECONJUNCT` The "preconjunct" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`PREDETERMINER` The "predeterminer" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`PREDICATE` The "predicate" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`PREPOSITION` The PREPOSITION grammatical relation is only here as a temporary relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`PUNCTUATION` The "punctuation" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`QMOD` The quantificational modifier relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`REFERENT` The "referent" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`RELATIVE` The RELATIVE grammatical relation is only here as a temporary relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER` The "relative clause modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT` The "semantic dependent" grammatical relation has been introduced as a supertype for the controlling subject relation.
`static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,GrammaticalRelation>`	`shortNameToGRel`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`SUBJECT` The "subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`TEMPORAL_MODIFIER` The "temporal modifier" grammatical relation.
`static java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock`	`valuesLock`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT` An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a VP or an ADJP is a clausal complement without its own subject, whose reference is determined by an external subject.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`getAcl(java.lang.String aclString)` The "acl" grammatical relation.
`static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation>`	`getAcls()`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`getAdvcl(java.lang.String advclString)` The "advcl" grammatical relation.
`static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation>`	`getAdvcls()`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`getConj(java.lang.String conjunctionString)` The "conj" grammatical relation.
`static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation>`	`getConjs()`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`getNmod(java.lang.String prepositionString)` The "nmod" grammatical relation.
`static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation>`	`getNmods()`
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`getObl(java.lang.String prepositionString)` The "obl" grammatical relation.
`static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation>`	`getObls()`
`static void`	`main(java.lang.String[] args)` Prints out the English grammatical relations hierarchy.
`static void`	`threadSafeAddRelation(GrammaticalRelation relation)` This method is meant to be called when you want to add a relation to the values list in a thread-safe manner.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`valueOf(java.lang.Object o)` Returns an EnglishGrammaticalRelation based on the argument.
`static GrammaticalRelation`	`valueOf(java.lang.String s)` Returns the EnglishGrammaticalRelation having the given string representation (e.g., "nsubj"), or null if no such is found.
`static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation>`	`values()`
`static java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock`	`valuesLock()`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - PREDICATE
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDICATE
```
    The "predicate" grammatical relation. The predicate of a clause is the main VP of that clause; the predicate of a subject is the predicate of the clause to which the subject belongs.
    Example:
    "Reagan died" → pred(Reagan, died)
  - AUX_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_MODIFIER
```
    An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause, e.g., a modal auxiliary, or a form of be, do or have in a periphrastic tense.
    Contrary to the older SD and arguments of Pullum (1982) and following, infinitive to is not analyzed as an auxiliary. Instead, it is analyzed as a mark.
    Example:
    "Reagan has died" → aux(died, has)
  - AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER
```
    The "passive auxiliary" grammatical relation. A passive auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause which contains the passive information. Example:
    "Kennedy has been killed" → auxpass(killed, been)
  - COPULA
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation COPULA
```
    The "copula" grammatical relation. A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and the copular verb.
    Examples:
    "Bill is big" → cop(big, is)
    "Bill is an honest man" → cop(man, is)
  - CONJUNCT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CONJUNCT
```
    The "conjunct" grammatical relation. A conjunct is the relation between two elements connected by a conjunction word. We treat conjunctions asymmetrically: The head of the relation is the first conjunct and other conjunctions depend on it via the conj relation.
    Example:
    "Bill is big and honest" → conj(big, honest)
    Note:Modified in 2010 to exclude the case of a CC/CONJP first in its phrase: it has to conjoin things.
  - COORDINATION
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation COORDINATION
```
    The "coordination" grammatical relation. A coordination is the relation between an element and a conjunction.
    Example:
    "Bill is big and honest." → cc(big, and)
  - PUNCTUATION
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation PUNCTUATION
```
    The "punctuation" grammatical relation. This is used for any piece of punctuation in a clause, if punctuation is being retained in the typed dependencies.
    Example:
    "Go home!" → punct(Go, !)
    The condition for NFP to appear hear is that it does not match the emoticon patterns under discourse.
  - ARGUMENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation ARGUMENT
```
    The "argument" grammatical relation. An argument of a VP is a subject or complement of that VP; an argument of a clause is an argument of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.
    Example:
    "Clinton defeated Dole" → arg(defeated, Clinton), arg(defeated, Dole)
  - SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation SUBJECT
```
    The "subject" grammatical relation. The subject of a VP is the noun or clause that performs or experiences the VP; the subject of a clause is the subject of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.
    Examples:
    "Clinton defeated Dole" → subj(defeated, Clinton)
    "What she said is untrue" → subj(is, What she said)
  - NOMINAL_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_SUBJECT
```
    The "nominal subject" grammatical relation. A nominal subject is a subject which is an noun phrase.
    Example:
    "Clinton defeated Dole" → nsubj(defeated, Clinton)
  - NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
    The "nominal passive subject" grammatical relation. A nominal passive subject is a subject of a passive which is an noun phrase.
    Example:
    "Dole was defeated by Clinton" → nsubjpass(defeated, Dole)
    This pattern recognizes basic (non-coordinated) examples. The coordinated examples are currently handled by correctDependencies() in EnglishGrammaticalStructure. This seemed more accurate than any tregex expression we could come up with.
  - CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
```
    The "clausal subject" grammatical relation. A clausal subject is a subject which is a clause.
    Examples: (subject is "what she said" in both examples)
    "What she said makes sense" → csubj(makes, said)
    "What she said is untrue" → csubj(untrue, said)
  - CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
    The "clausal passive subject" grammatical relation. A clausal passive subject is a subject of a passive verb which is a clause.
    Example: (subject is "that she lied")
    "That she lied was suspected by everyone" → csubjpass(suspected, lied)
  - COMPLEMENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation COMPLEMENT
```
    The "complement" grammatical relation. A complement of a VP is any object (direct or indirect) of that VP, or a clause or adjectival phrase which functions like an object; a complement of a clause is an complement of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.
    Examples:
    "She gave me a raise" → comp(gave, me), comp(gave, a raise)
    "I like to swim" → comp(like, to swim)
  - DIRECT_OBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation DIRECT_OBJECT
```
    The "direct object" grammatical relation. The direct object of a verb is the noun phrase which is the (accusative) object of the verb; the direct object of a clause or VP is the direct object of the head predicate of that clause.
    Example:
    "She gave me a raise" → obj(gave, raise)
    Note that obj can also be assigned by the conversion of rel in the postprocessing.
  - INDIRECT_OBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation INDIRECT_OBJECT
```
    The "indirect object" grammatical relation. The indirect object of a VP is the noun phrase which is the (dative) object of the verb; the indirect object of a clause is the indirect object of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.
    Example:
    "She gave me a raise" → iobj(gave, me)
  - CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
```
    The "clausal complement" grammatical relation. A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause with an internal subject which functions like an object of the verb, or adjective. Clausal complements for nouns are limited to complement clauses with a subset of nouns like "fact" or "report". We analyze them the same (parallel to the analysis of this class as "content clauses" in Huddleston and Pullum 2002). Clausal complements are usually finite (though there are occasional exceptions including remnant English subjunctives, and we also classify the complement of causative "have" (She had him arrested) in this category.
    Example:
    "He says that you like to swim" → ccomp(says, like)
    "I am certain that he did it" → ccomp(certain, did)
    "I admire the fact that you are honest" → ccomp(fact, honest)
  - XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
```
    An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a VP or an ADJP is a clausal complement without its own subject, whose reference is determined by an external subject. These complements are always non-finite. The name xcomp is borrowed from Lexical-Functional Grammar. (Mainly "TO-clause" are recognized, but also some VBG like "stop eating")
    Examples:
    "I like to swim" → xcomp(like, swim)
    "I am ready to leave" → xcomp(ready, leave)
  - RELATIVE
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE
```
    The RELATIVE grammatical relation is only here as a temporary relation. This tregex triggering indicates either a dobj or a pobj should be here. We figure this out in a post-processing step by looking at the surrounding dependencies.
  - PREPOSITION
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITION
```
    The PREPOSITION grammatical relation is only here as a temporary relation. It matches prepositions in sentences such as "What is the esophagus used for?" which are attached to the nominal modifier in a post-processing step.
  - REFERENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation REFERENT
```
    The "referent" grammatical relation. A referent of the Wh-word of a NP is the relative word introducing the relative clause modifying the NP.
    Example:
    "I saw the book which you bought" → ref(book, which)
    "I saw the book the cover of which you designed" → ref(book, which)
  - EXPLETIVE
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation EXPLETIVE
```
    The "expletive" grammatical relation. This relation captures an existential there.
    
    Example:
    "There is a statue in the corner" → expl(is, there)
  - MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation MODIFIER
```
    The "modifier" grammatical relation. A modifier of a VP is any constituent that serves to modify the meaning of the VP (but is not an ARGUMENT of that VP); a modifier of a clause is an modifier of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.
    Examples:
    "Last night, I swam in the pool" → mod(swam, in the pool), mod(swam, last night)
  - NOMINAL_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_MODIFIER
```
    The "nominal modifier" grammatical relation. The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers of nouns or clausal predicates. nmod is a noun functioning as a non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct. In English, nmod is used for prepositional complements.
    (The preposition in turn may be modifying a noun, verb, etc.) We here define cases of VBG quasi-prepositions like "including", "concerning", etc. as instances of pobj (unlike the Penn Treebank).
    Example:
    "I sat on the chair" → nmod(sat, chair)
    (The preposition can be called a FW for pace, versus, etc. It can also be called a CC - but we don't currently handle that and would need to distinguish from conjoined PPs. Jan 2010 update: We now insist that the NP must follow the preposition. This prevents a preceding NP measure phrase being matched as a nmod. We do allow a preposition tagged RB followed by an NP pobj, as happens in the Penn Treebank for adverbial uses of PP like "up 19%")
  - OBLIQUE_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation OBLIQUE_MODIFIER
```
  - ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
```
    The "adverbial clause modifier" grammatical relation. An adverbial clause modifier is a clause which modifies a verb or other predicate (adjective, etc.), as a modifier not as a core complement. This includes things such as a temporal clause, consequence, conditional clause, purpose clause, etc. The dependent must be clausal (or else it is an advmod) and the dependent is the main predicate of the clause.
    Examples:
    "The accident happened as the night was falling" → advcl(happened, falling)
    "If you know who did it, you should tell the teacher" → advcl(tell, know)
  - MARKER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation MARKER
```
    The "marker" grammatical relation. A marker is the word introducing a finite clause subordinate to another clause. For a complement clause, this will typically be "that" or "whether". For an adverbial clause, the marker is typically a preposition like "while" or "although".
    Example:
    "U.S. forces have been engaged in intense fighting after insurgents launched simultaneous attacks" → mark(launched, after)
  - ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER
```
    The "adjectival modifier" grammatical relation. An adjectival modifier of an NP is any adjectival phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the NP.
    Example:
    "Sam eats red meat" → amod(meat, red)
    The relation amod is also used for multiword country adjectives, despite their questionable treebank representation.
    Example:
    "the West German economy" → amod(German, West), amod(economy, German)
  - NUMERIC_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation NUMERIC_MODIFIER
```
    The "numeric modifier" grammatical relation. A numeric modifier of an NP is any number phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the NP.
    Example:
    "Sam eats 3 sheep" → nummod(sheep, 3)
  - COMPOUND_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation COMPOUND_MODIFIER
```
    The "compound modifier" grammatical relation. A compound modifier of an NP is any noun that serves to modify the head noun. Note that this has all nouns modify the rightmost a la Penn headship rules. There is no intelligent noun compound analysis.
    We eliminate nouns that are detected as part of a POS, since that will turn into the dependencies denoting possession instead. Note we have to include (VBZ < /^\'s$/) as part of the POS elimination, since quite a lot of text such as "yesterday's widely published sequester" was misannotated as a VBZ instead of a POS. TODO: remove that if a revised PTB is ever released.
    Example:
    "Oil price futures" → compound(futures, oil), compound(futures, price)
    Numbers consisting of multiple words are also treated as compounds.
    Example:
    "I have four thousand sheep" → compound(thousand, four)
  - NAME_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation NAME_MODIFIER
```
    The "name" relation. This relation was used in UDv1 for proper nouns constituted of multiple nominal elements. It was removed in UDv2 Words joined by name should all be part of a minimal noun phrase; otherwise regular syntactic relations should be used. In general, names are annotated in a flat, head-initial structure, in which all words in the name modify the first one using the name label.
    The distinction between compound and name can only be made on the basis of NER tags. For this reason, we use the compound relation for all flat NPs and replace it with the name relation during post-processing.
    Example:
    "Hillary Rodham Clinton" → name(Hillary, Rodham), name(Hillary, Clinton)
  - APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
```
    The "appositional modifier" grammatical relation. An appositional modifier of an NP is an NP that serves to modify the meaning of the NP. It includes parenthesized examples, as well as defining abbreviations.
    Examples:
    "Sam, my brother, eats red meat" → appos(Sam, brother)
    "Bill (John's cousin)" → appos(Bill, cousin). "The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)" → appos(Corporation, ABC)
  - DISCOURSE_ELEMENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation DISCOURSE_ELEMENT
```
    The "discourse element" grammatical relation. This is used for interjections and other discourse particles and elements (which are not clearly linked to the structure of the sentence, except in an expressive way). We generally follow the guidelines of what the Penn Treebanks count as an INTJ. They define this to include: interjections (oh, uh-huh, Welcome), fillers (um, ah), and discourse markers (well, like, actually, but not: you know). We also use it for emoticons.
  - CLAUSAL_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_MODIFIER
```
    The "clausal modifier of noun" relation. acl is used for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a noun. Note that in English relative clauses get assigned a specific relation acl:relcl, a subtype of acl.
    Examples:
    "the issues as he sees them" → acl(issues, sees)
  - RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
```
    The "relative clause modifier" grammatical relation. A relative clause modifier of an NP is a relative clause modifying the NP. The link points from the head noun of the NP to the head of the relative clause, normally a verb.
    
    Examples:
    "I saw the man you love" → relcl(man, love)
    "I saw the book which you bought" → relcl(book, bought)
  - ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
```
    The "adverbial modifier" grammatical relation. An adverbial modifier of a word is a (non-clausal) RB or ADVP that serves to modify the meaning of the word.
    Examples:
    "genetically modified food" → advmod(modified, genetically)
    "less often" → advmod(often, less)
  - NEGATION_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation NEGATION_MODIFIER
```
    The "negation modifier" grammatical relation. The negation modifier is the relation between a negation word and the word it modifies. This is not a UD relation, but is retained for certain internal usages in Natural Logic.
    Examples:
    "Bill is not a scientist" → neg(scientist, not)
    "Bill doesn't drive" → neg(drive, n't)
  - NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
```
    The "noun phrase as adverbial modifier" grammatical relation. This relation captures various places where something syntactically a noun phrase is used as an adverbial modifier in a sentence. These usages include:
    - A measure phrase, which is the relation between the head of an ADJP/ADVP and the head of a measure-phrase modifying the ADJP/ADVP.
      Example:
      "The director is 65 years old" → npadvmod(old, years)
    - Noun phrases giving extent inside a VP which are not objects
      Example:
      "Shares eased a fraction" → npadvmod(eased, fraction)
    - Financial constructions involving an adverbial or PP-like NP, notably the following construction where the NP means "per share"
      Example:
      "IBM earned $ 5 a share" → npadvmod($, share)
    - Floating reflexives
      Example:
      "The silence is itself significant" → npadvmod(significant, itself)
    - Certain other absolutive NP constructions.
      Example:
      "90% of Australians like him, the most of any country" → npadvmod(like, most)
    A temporal modifier (tmod) is a subclass of npadvmod which is distinguished as a separate relation.
  - TEMPORAL_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation TEMPORAL_MODIFIER
```
    The "temporal modifier" grammatical relation. A temporal modifier is a subtype of the nmod relation: if the modifier is specifying a time, it is labeled as tmod.
    Example:
    "Last night, I swam in the pool" → nmod:tmod(swam, night)
  - MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION
```
    The "multi-word expression" grammatical relation. This covers various multi-word constructions for which it would seem pointless or arbitrary to claim grammatical relations between words: as well as, rather than, instead of, but also; such as, because of, all but, in addition to ....
    Examples:
    "dogs as well as cats" → mwe(as, well)
    mwe(as, as)
    "fewer than 700 bottles" → mwe(fewer, than)
    
    See Also:
    
    CoordinationTransformer#MWETransform(Tree)}, List of multi-word expressions
  - DETERMINER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation DETERMINER
```
    The "determiner" grammatical relation.
    Examples:
    "The man is here" → det(man,the)
    "Which man do you prefer?" → det(man,which)
    (The ADVP match is because sometimes "a little" or "every time" is tagged as an AVDVP with POS tags straight under it.)
  - PREDETERMINER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDETERMINER
```
    The "predeterminer" grammatical relation.
    Example:
    "All the boys are here" → predet(boys,all)
  - PRECONJUNCT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation PRECONJUNCT
```
    The "preconjunct" grammatical relation.
    Example:
    "Both the boys and the girls are here" → cc:preconj(boys,both)
  - POSSESSION_MODIFIER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation POSSESSION_MODIFIER
```
    The "possession" grammatical relation between the possessum and the possessor.
    Examples:
    "their offices" → poss(offices, their)
    "Bill 's clothes" → poss(clothes, Bill)
  - CASE_MARKER
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CASE_MARKER
```
    The "prepositional modifier" grammatical relation. A prepositional modifier of a verb, adjective, or noun is any prepositional phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the verb, adjective, or noun. We also generate prep modifiers of PPs to account for treebank (PP PP PP) constructions (from 1984 through 2002).
    Examples:
    "I saw a cat in a hat" → case(hat, in)
    "I saw a cat with a telescope" → case(telescope, with)
    "He is responsible for meals" → case(meals, for)
  - PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE
```
    The "phrasal verb particle" grammatical relation. The "phrasal verb particle" relation identifies phrasal verb.
    Example:
    "They shut down the station." → prt(shut, down)
  - PARATAXIS
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation PARATAXIS
```
    The "parataxis" grammatical relation. Relation between the main verb of a sentence and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a sentence after a ":" or a ";", when two sentences are juxtaposed next to each other without any coordinator or subordinator, etc.
    Examples:
    "The guy, John said, left early in the morning." → parataxis(left,said)
    "
  - GOES_WITH
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation GOES_WITH
```
    The "goes with" grammatical relation. This corresponds to use of the GW (goes with) part-of-speech tag in the recent Penn Treebanks. It marks partial words that should be combined with some other word.
    Example:
    "They come here with out legal permission." → goeswith(out, with)
  - LIST
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation LIST
```
    The "list" relation.
  - QMOD
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation QMOD
```
    The quantificational modifier relation. Used in the enhanced++ representation for the quanfiticational determiner in partitive and light noun constructions.
    Example:
    "Both of the planes" → det:qmod(planes, both)
    mwe(both, of)
    mwe(both, the)
  - CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_SUBJECT
```
    The "controlling nominal subject" relation. Used in the enhanced and enhanced++ representations between a controlled verb and its nominal controller.
    Example:
    "Sue wants to buy a hat." → nsubj(Sue, wants)
    nsubj:xsubj(Sue, wants)
    mark(to, buy)
    xcomp(buy, wants)
    det(a, hat)
    dobj(hat, buy)
  - CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
    The "controlling nominal passive subject" relation. Used in the enhanced and enhanced++ representations between a controlled verb and its nominal controller, if the controlled verb is in passive voice.
    Example:
    "The hat seemed to have been bought." → nsubj(hat, seemed)
    nsubjpass:xsubj(hat, bought)
    mark(to, bought)
    aux(have, bought)
    auxpass(been, bought)
  - CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
```
    The "controlling clausal subject" relation. Used in the enhanced and enhanced++ representations between a controlled verb and its nominal controller.
    Example:
    "That they bought the company " → nsubj(hat, seemed)
    nsubjpass:xsubj(hat, bought)
    mark(to, bought)
    aux(have, bought)
    auxpass(been, bought)
  - CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
```
    The "controlling clausal passive subject" relation. Used in the enhanced and enhanced++ representations between a controlled verb and its nominal controller, if the controlled verb is in passive voice. TODO: Is this a possible relation?
  - SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT
```
    The "semantic dependent" grammatical relation has been introduced as a supertype for the controlling subject relation.
  - AGENT
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation AGENT
```
    The "agent" grammatical relation. The agent of a passive VP is the complement introduced by "by" and doing the action.
    Example:
    "The man has been killed by the police" → agent(killed, police)
  - ORPHAN
```
public static final GrammaticalRelation ORPHAN
```
  - valuesLock
```
public static final java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock valuesLock
```
  - clauseRelations
```
public static final java.util.Set<GrammaticalRelation> clauseRelations
```
  - shortNameToGRel
```
public static final java.util.Map<java.lang.String,GrammaticalRelation> shortNameToGRel
```
- Method Detail
  - values
```
public static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation> values()
```
  - valuesLock
```
public static java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock valuesLock()
```
  - threadSafeAddRelation
```
public static void threadSafeAddRelation(GrammaticalRelation relation)
```
    This method is meant to be called when you want to add a relation to the values list in a thread-safe manner. Currently, this method is always used in preference to values.add() because we expect to add new EnglishGrammaticalRelations very rarely, so the eased concurrency seems to outweigh the fairly slight cost of thread-safe access.
    
    Parameters:
    
    relation - the relation to be added to the values list
  - getConjs
```
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getConjs()
```
  - getConj
```
public static GrammaticalRelation getConj(java.lang.String conjunctionString)
```
    The "conj" grammatical relation. Used to enhance conjunct relations. They will be turned into conj:word, where "word" is a conjunction.
    
    Parameters:
    
    conjunctionString - The conjunction to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
    
    Returns:
    
    A grammatical relation for this conjunction
  - getNmods
```
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getNmods()
```
  - getAcls
```
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getAcls()
```
  - getAdvcls
```
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getAdvcls()
```
  - getObls
```
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getObls()
```
  - getNmod
```
public static GrammaticalRelation getNmod(java.lang.String prepositionString)
```
    The "nmod" grammatical relation. Used to add case marker information to nominal modifier relations.
    They will be turned into nmod:word, where "word" is a preposition.
    
    Parameters:
    
    prepositionString - The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
    
    Returns:
    
    A grammatical relation for this preposition
  - getObl
```
public static GrammaticalRelation getObl(java.lang.String prepositionString)
```
    The "obl" grammatical relation. Used to add case marker information to oblique modifier relations.
    They will be turned into nmod:word, where "word" is a preposition.
    
    Parameters:
    
    prepositionString - The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
    
    Returns:
    
    A grammatical relation for this preposition
  - getAdvcl
```
public static GrammaticalRelation getAdvcl(java.lang.String advclString)
```
    The "advcl" grammatical relation. Used to add case marker information to adverbial clause relations.
    They will be turned into advcl:word, where "word" is a preposition.
    
    Parameters:
    
    advclString - The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
    
    Returns:
    
    A grammatical relation for this preposition
  - getAcl
```
public static GrammaticalRelation getAcl(java.lang.String aclString)
```
    The "acl" grammatical relation. Used to add case marker information to adjectival clause relations.
    They will be turned into acl:word, where "word" is a preposition.
    
    Parameters:
    
    aclString - The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
    
    Returns:
    
    A grammatical relation for this preposition
  - valueOf
```
public static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(java.lang.String s)
```
    Returns the EnglishGrammaticalRelation having the given string representation (e.g., "nsubj"), or null if no such is found.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - The short name of the GrammaticalRelation
    
    Returns:
    
    The EnglishGrammaticalRelation with that name
  - valueOf
```
public static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(java.lang.Object o)
```
    Returns an EnglishGrammaticalRelation based on the argument. It works if passed a GrammaticalRelation or the String representation of one (e.g., "nsubj"). It returns null for other classes or if no string match is found.
    
    Parameters:
    
    o - A GrammaticalRelation or String
    
    Returns:
    
    The EnglishGrammaticalRelation with that name
  - main
```
public static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
```
    Prints out the English grammatical relations hierarchy. See EnglishGrammaticalStructure for a main method that will print the grammatical relations of a sentence or tree.
    
    Parameters:
    
    args - Args are ignored.

Class UniversalEnglishGrammaticalRelations

Field Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

PREDICATE

AUX_MODIFIER

AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER

COPULA

CONJUNCT

COORDINATION

PUNCTUATION

ARGUMENT

SUBJECT

NOMINAL_SUBJECT

NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

CLAUSAL_SUBJECT

CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

COMPLEMENT

DIRECT_OBJECT

INDIRECT_OBJECT

CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT

XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT

RELATIVE

PREPOSITION

REFERENT

EXPLETIVE

MODIFIER

NOMINAL_MODIFIER

OBLIQUE_MODIFIER

ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

MARKER

ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER

NUMERIC_MODIFIER

COMPOUND_MODIFIER

NAME_MODIFIER

APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER

DISCOURSE_ELEMENT

CLAUSAL_MODIFIER

RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER

NEGATION_MODIFIER

NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER

TEMPORAL_MODIFIER

MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION

DETERMINER

PREDETERMINER

PRECONJUNCT

POSSESSION_MODIFIER

CASE_MARKER

PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE

PARATAXIS

GOES_WITH

LIST

QMOD

CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_SUBJECT

CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_SUBJECT

CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT

AGENT

ORPHAN

valuesLock

clauseRelations

shortNameToGRel

Method Detail

values

valuesLock

threadSafeAddRelation

getConjs

getConj

getNmods

getAcls

getAdvcls

getObls

getNmod

getObl

getAdvcl

getAcl

valueOf